Summary

莫顿神经瘤是神经受到足部骨骼和韧带的挤压而形成的肥大增生，常导致疼痛。外科手术通过解除神经受到的挤压或移除受到挤压的神经来缓解疼痛。

Morton's neuroma is a hypertrophic proliferation of nerves compressed by the bones and ligaments of the foot, often causing pain. Surgery relieves pain by relieving nerves squeezed or removed by squeezing nerves.

手术切口

Surgical incision

在神经瘤的正上方位置做一个小手术切开，外科医生可以用两种方法治疗神经瘤。

Surgeons can treat neuromas in two ways by making a small incision just above the tumor.

1.神经分离

1. nerve dissociation

如果外科医生希望完整的分离神经瘤，避免受到挤压，深部跖横韧带需要被切断。这样能够缓解神经受到的挤压，且不会影响足趾的感知觉。

If the surgeon wants a complete separation of the neuroma to avoid compression, the deep transverse plantar ligament needs to be severed. This relieves nerve crush and does not affect the sensation of toes.

2.神经离断

2. nerve rupture

手术需要切断并移除部分含有神经瘤的神经。部分情况下，需切断局部韧带来更好地完成手术。因神经维持着局部的感知觉，手术离断后，局部可能变得麻木或失去感知觉。

Surgery needs to cut off and remove part of the nerve that contains neuromas. In some cases, local ligaments should be cut off to better perform the operation. Because the nerve maintains local sensation, the area may become numb or lose sensation after the operation is severed.

术中处理

Intraoperative treatment

缝合手术切口，并用绷带包扎。术后专用鞋应该穿至拆线之后的10-14天。愈合后，大部分患者穿加宽鞋后不再有不舒适的感觉。

Suture the incision and bandage it. After the operation, special shoes should be worn for 10-14 days after the stitches are removed. After healing, most of the patients feel uncomfortable after wearing their shoes.

术后矫形护理

Postoperative orthopedic nursing

使用特别定制的足部矫形器(鞋垫)，在已经被分离的神经瘤下方粘置一条形衬垫，避免受力情况下骨骼再次刺激神经瘤。可以同时使用跖骨垫，减轻跖骨受到的压力。

Using a specially tailored foot orthosis (insole), a pad is attached to the underside of a neuroma that has been detached to prevent the skeleton from stimulating the neuroma again under stress. The metatarsal pad can be used at the same time to relieve the pressure on the metatarsal bone.

趾宽更宽且内加深的医护矫形鞋/靴能够为足趾提供更多空间，避免前掌受到挤压。矫形鞋的内深度必须比普通鞋深最少6mm, 为矫形器提供放置空间。硬质大底进行温和弓形底改造，促进术后的康复。

Medical orthopedic shoes/boots with wider and deeper toes provide more space for the toes and avoid squeezing the forepaws. The depth of the orthopaedic shoe must be at least 6mm less than that of the ordinary shoe, providing space for orthosis. The hard bottom will be reconstructed with gentle arch base to promote postoperative rehabilitation.