Summary:

痛风是关节炎的另一种表现形式，主要症状为关节疼痛和局部红肿。一些病人在痛风部位的皮肤下面可形成肉眼可见的粗糙的沉积斑块。同时痛风也是诱发肾结石的风险因素。

Gout is another form of arthritis. The main symptoms are joint pain and local redness. Some patients can form rough visible patches of the naked eye under the skin of gout. Gout is also a risk factor for kidney stones.

病因：

Pathogeny:

痛风是由于尿酸在关节处聚集导致的。尿酸是某些食物在体内代谢之后产生的不被机体吸收的物质。在健康人的体内，尿酸经过肾脏从血液中分离，并随尿液排出体外。对痛风病人而言，肾脏并不能充分的将尿酸从血液中分离开来。

Gout is caused by accumulation of uric acid at joints. Uric acid is a substance not absorbed by the body after the metabolism of certain foods in the body. In healthy people, uric acid is separated from the blood through the kidneys and excreted in the urine. For gout patients, the kidneys do not adequately separate uric acid from the blood.

食物因素：

Food factors:

嘌呤含量高的食物会刺激产生痛风，嘌呤是自然存在于动物细胞的一种复合物。富含嘌呤的食物包括红色肉类（特别是动物内脏）、熏肉、某些种类的海鲜产品、酒精，经过发酵的食物、肉汤和浓酱汁。一些蔬菜也有丰富的嘌呤含量，例如豌豆、扁豆、菠菜、芦笋、蘑菇以及菜花等。

Foods high in purine stimulate gout, a compound naturally present in animal cells. Purine-rich foods include red meat (especially animal guts), bacon, certain kinds of seafood products, alcohol, fermented food, broth and thick sauces. Some vegetables are also rich in purine, such as peas, lentils, spinach, asparagus, mushrooms and cauliflower.

其他的风险因素：

Other risk factors:

创伤、药物治疗、化疗、机体脱水以及营养缺乏均可导致体内尿酸水平的波动。痛风在男性群体中的发病比例高于女性群体，特别是高龄人群。超重（即肥胖）也可增加患痛风病的危险。

Trauma, medication, chemotherapy, dehydration and nutritional deficiency can all cause fluctuations in uric acid levels in the body. The incidence of gout among male population is higher than that of female group, especially for the elderly. Overweight (obesity) also increases the risk of gout.

症状：

Symptom:

临床发现，痛风最常见的发病部位是大拇趾关节。踝关节、膝关节、腕关节和肘关节也经常容易受到损伤。痛风的突然发作可导致局部关节剧烈疼痛以及红肿等症状。痛风关节常常容易发热且僵硬，严重时可导致痛风病人体温升高（即发热）。痛风每次的发作时间可持续3至10天，一般其症状可自行消退。距下一次的发作间隔时间可能数月或数年。随着时间的推移，发作可能变得更频繁，持续时间更长。

Clinically, the most common site of gout is the big toe joint. Ankle joints, knee joints, wrist joints and elbow joints are also vulnerable to injury. A sudden onset of gout can cause severe pain and swelling and other symptoms of local joints. Gout joints are often prone to fever and stiffness, and in severe cases can lead to elevated body temperature (fever). The onset time of gout lasted 3 to 10 days, and its symptoms generally subsided. The interval between the next episodes may be months or years. Over time, episodes may become more frequent and longer.