Summary

下垂足（也称为足下垂）是由于使前足上抬的肌肉无力或瘫痪，导致无法通过踝关节使前掌抬起的一种异常状态。这状态常导致行走困难，因为足趾在行走时往往拖在地面移动，形成羁绊。患者通过利用臀部肌肉上抬整个足部或在行走过程中向外摆动他们的腿来使脚掌完全离开地面，完成行走过程。

Dropped foot (also known as foot drop) is an abnormal condition in which the muscles that lift the forefoot become weak or paralyzed, making it impossible to lift the forefoot through the ankle joint. This state often leads to difficulty in walking, because toes move on the ground when they walk, forming a fetter. Patients complete walking by lifting the entire foot with the buttock muscles or swinging their legs outward during the walk to get the soles off the ground completely.

症状

Symptom

下垂足的主要症状和体征包括:

The main symptoms and signs of the foot drop include:

1. 足前掌上抬困难（有时这可能是足下垂的唯一症状）；

1. feet are difficult to lift (sometimes this is the only symptom of foot drop).

2. 通过足部在地上拖动来完成行走过程；

2., the foot is dragged on the ground to complete the walking process.

3. 行走过程中，足部拍打式的落地；

3. in the course of walking, foot flapping landing.

4. 通过抬起整个腿部来完成行走过程（类似爬楼

4. by lifting the whole leg to complete the walking process.

梯的动作）；

Action of ladder;

5. 足部常感觉疼痛、无力和麻木。

5. feet often feel pain, weakness and numbness.

病因

Pathogeny

足下垂是因为膝盖以下参与抬升足前掌的肌肉无力或瘫痪引起的。足下垂的潜在病因各不相同，神经病学、肌肉和解剖学都有可能同时涉及。例如背负肌损伤、末梢神经损伤、中风、神经疾病、药物中毒或糖尿病等。

The foot drop is caused by weakness or paralysis of the muscles of the forefoot involved below the knee. The underlying causes of foot drop are different, and neurology, muscle and anatomy may also be involved. For example, shoulder muscle injury, peripheral nerve injury, stroke, neurological disease, drug poisoning or diabetes.

确切的足下垂病因有以下方面：

The exact causes of foot drop include the following aspects:

1.肌肉或神经损伤：控制踝关节或足趾的肌肉损伤，易导致足下垂；脊柱低位或腿部神经受损以及糖尿病导致的神经慢性损坏，也可能导致足下垂。导致足下垂的神经损伤还可能发生于髋关节或膝关节的置换手术。膝盖以下支配胫骨或腓骨的神经受压也可导致足下垂，例如长时间盘腿而坐，可能导致短暂性的足下垂。

1. Muscle or nerve injury: control ankle or toe muscle injury, easy to lead to foot droop; low spine or leg nerve damage and diabetes caused by chronic nerve damage, may also lead to foot droop. Nerve injury that causes foot drop may also occur in hip or knee replacement surgery. Compression of the nerves below the knee that innervate the tibia or fibula can also cause foot droop, such as prolonged sitting cross-legged, which can lead to transient foot droop.

2.肌肉和神经功能紊乱：肌肉萎缩症是一种可遗传的疾病，它可导致肌肉无力，同时也是引起足下垂的重要原因之一。各种各样的筋膜综合症状可导致局部神经和血管被压迫，也可引起足下垂。

2. Muscle and nervous dysfunction: Muscle atrophy is a hereditary disease, which can lead to muscle weakness, but also an important cause of foot drop. Various symptoms of fascia can cause local nerves and blood vessels to be compressed, or cause foot drop.

3.中枢神经系统功能紊乱：肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症（ALS）、多发性硬化或中风都可影响脊柱和大脑的神经功能，导致足下垂。

3. Central nervous system dysfunction: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis or stroke can affect the spinal and cerebral nervous function, resulting in foot drop.

导致足下垂综合症最可能的原因是位于膝盖后和小腿上方腓侧神经的损伤。

The most likely cause of foot drop syndrome is the injury of the fibular nerve located above the knee and above the calf.

矫形治疗方案

Orthopaedic treatment plan

1. 足下垂通常采取支架进行矫形治疗，这种矫形支架称为AFO（足踝矫形器）。足踝矫形器可以安置在鞋中，稳定足踝。它将促进患者形成更正常、更舒适的步态。

1. Foot ptosis is usually treated with a stent called AFO (ankle orthosis). Ankle orthosis can be placed in shoes to stabilize ankles. It will help patients form a more normal and comfortable gait.

2. 足踝矫形器（鞋垫)的作用是支撑足踝，保持足踝的正确位置。足踝矫形器可以防止足部下垂，帮助患者行走时上抬足前掌或足趾部。在足踝矫形器的帮助下，患者可以像正常人一样，享受舒适的正常步态。

2. ankle orthosis (insole) plays the role of supporting the ankle and keeping the right ankle position. Ankle orthosis can prevent foot drop and help the patient to lift his forefoot or toes when walking. With the help of ankle orthosis, patients can enjoy comfortable normal gait as normal people do.

3. 稳定靴拥有硬质鞋帮结构，它能够控制足踝，使足部维持正常背曲位置(功能位)。同时利用相应程度的鞋底弓形底改造，使得行走更加舒适。

3. The stabilizer shoe has a hard upper structure, which controls the ankle and keeps the foot in a normal back position (functional position). At the same time, the use of the corresponding degree of sole arch bottom transformation, make walking more comfortable.

4. 定制的足部矫形器(鞋垫)通过用完全与足底骨骼异位或变异的脚部模型用手工制作，能够更加准确、稳定地维持足跟和踝关节的位置，以及平衡的调整足部负重。

4. Customized foot orthoses (insoles) can be manufactured by hand to maintain the position of the heel and ankle joints more accurately and steadily, and to balance the weight of the foot with a foot model that is completely heterotopic or variant from the sole bones.