Summary

当踝关节处的一个或多个韧带（维持关节稳定性的组织纤维带）受异常或过多外力作用，比如运动中突然旋转, 踩在不平整的地面或对足踝的突然冲击等, 导致其过度拉伸或撕裂,形成足踝关节的扭伤。

When one or more of the ankle ligaments (the tissue and fibers that maintain joint stability) are subject to abnormal or excessive external forces, such as sudden rotation in motion, stepping on uneven ground or sudden impact on the ankle, resulting in excessive stretching or tearing, resulting in ankle sprain.

扭伤类型

Sprain type

外侧内翻：在所有足踝扭伤的案例中，超过85%的是发生于足踝部向外滑动（内翻）的情形, 损害到踝部外侧或外边缘韧带。前距腓骨间韧带最易受损。

Lateral varus: Over 85% of all ankle sprains occur when the foot and ankle slip outward (varus), damaging the lateral or lateral margin ligaments of the ankle. The anterior interfibular ligament is most vulnerable.

内侧外翻：发生于足踝部向内滑动(外翻), 损害到足踝内侧或内边缘韧

Medial hallux valgus: inward sliding (hallux valgus) in the ankle and medial or inner edge of the ankle.

带。

Band.

韧带联合(足踝高位扭伤): 所有足踝扭伤中最少见的, 是由于足踝部向内滑动时导致踝关节上方受损, 伴随着胫骨向内旋转. 最常见于身体接触类运动, 如篮球, 橄榄球, 足球等。

Ligament union (high ankle sprain): The rarest of all foot and ankle sprains is the injury of the upper ankle caused by the inward slide of the foot and ankle, accompanied by the inward rotation of the tibia. It is most common in contact sports such as basketball, football, football, etc.

损伤程度

Degree of injury

足踝扭伤通常是依据损伤程度来分等级的：一级扭伤是指一个或多个韧带被过度拉伸，伴随着轻度疼痛、瘀伤、炎症、行走困难和压痛等症状。二级扭伤发生于一个或多个韧带被部分撕裂，会伴随中度疼痛和伤残、瘀伤、炎症和无法负重等症状。三级伤是指一个或多个韧带被完全撕裂（(断裂), 引发剧烈疼痛和肿胀、瘀伤、关节松弛和功能障碍等症状。

Foot and ankle sprains are usually graded according to the degree of injury: first-degree sprains refer to one or more ligaments that are stretched excessively, accompanied by mild pain, bruises, inflammation, walking difficulties and tenderness. Secondary sprains occur when one or more ligaments are partially torn. They can be accompanied by moderate pain and disability, bruises, inflammation and weight loss. A third-degree injury is a complete tear ((rupture) of one or more ligaments that causes severe pain and swelling, bruises, joint relaxation, and dysfunction.

治疗

Treatment

急性踝关节扭伤应该采用RICE治疗法：休息（Rest）、冰敷（Ice）、绷带压迫（Compression）和抬高患肢（Elevation）—非甾类消炎药可以缓解肿胀和疼痛。依据损伤程度, 可能需要使用支具, 石膏或步行靴. 居家的早期康复训练或正规的物理治疗，亦可用相关矫形产品保护关节活动度来加快愈合。

Acute ankle sprains should be treated with RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation - NSAIDs can relieve swelling and pain. Depending on the severity of the injury, braces, plaster or walking boots may be needed. Early rehabilitation training at home or regular physical therapy may also be used to protect joint mobility to accelerate healing.

矫形方案

Orthopedics

最常见的矫形方案是：

The most common orthopedic procedures are:

1. 足部矫形器:使用HDPP 材料或硬质EVA 材料制成的高后深跟杯矫形垫（例如UCBL），能够维持后跟正确位置和规范踝关节活动。

1. Foot orthosis: High heel cup orthosis pads (such as UCBL) made of HDPP or hard EVA can maintain the correct position of the heel and regulate ankle movement.

2. 稳定靴:鞋后帮的最低高度也有6寸, 其合适的宽度能够更好的从内外踝两侧维持踝关节的稳定。对于足踝习惯性扭伤的人群，日常穿戴足部支具，例如矫形垫或稳定靴是非常必要的。即便是扭伤已经治愈或病人自觉已经恢复，仍可能需要使用矫形鞋垫和鞋/靴。

2. Stable boots: The lowest heel height is also 6 inches, the appropriate width can better maintain ankle stability from both sides of the inside and outside ankle. Daily wear of foot braces, such as orthopedic pads or stabilized boots, is essential for people with habitual ankle sprains. Orthopedic insoles and shoes/boots may be required even if the sprain is cured or the patient is consciously recovered.

相关矫形产品

Related orthopaedic products

1.足部矫形器(鞋垫): 大部分由硬性的材料制成：例如由Shore A55+硬度的EVA 和PE发泡板热定型制成的有较深后跟杯的矫形鞋垫, 能够更好维持后跟处骨骼位置的HDPP 材料制成的UCBL 足部矫形器。后跟即跟骨的位置情况直接影响其上方的踝关节稳定，即步态的稳定。

1. Foot orthosis (insoles): Most are made of rigid materials: for example, shore A55 + rigid EVA and PE foam plate thermosetting made of a deep heel cup of orthosis insoles, can better maintain the heel bone position of HDPP material made of UCBL foot orthosis. The position of the heel and calcaneus directly affects the stability of the ankle above it, that is, the stability of the gait.

2. 稳定靴: 鞋后帮的最低高度也有6寸，其具有合适的宽度且加强加长鞋后帮能够更好地维持踝关节的稳定。前掌附有弹性的硬性大底能够更好的调整因踝关节无力引起的步态异常。鞋底必须是硬质地的，针对部分人群还需要在鞋底的内外侧进行外偏加强，以稳定足踝。

2. Stable boots: The lowest heel height is also 6 inches, which has a suitable width and strengthens and lengthens the heel to better maintain ankle stability. The elastic soles of the forefoot can better adjust gait abnormalities due to ankle weakness. The sole must be hard, and for some people it is necessary to strengthen the inside and outside of the sole to stabilize the ankle.

3. 糖尿病鞋/靴: 糖尿病足人群如果发生足踝扭伤，有可能演变成关节炎，甚至是关节融合。这种支持靴的前掌内里必须没有任何接缝，同时应该配用表面附有热塑定型材料的鞋垫，避免足部局部发生摩擦并降低水泡、破皮渗血，感染等形成的危险。

3. Diabetic shoes/boots: People with diabetic foot may develop arthritis or even arthrodesis if they have ankle sprain. This kind of support shoe must have no seams in the forepaw. At the same time, it should be equipped with insoles with thermoplastic molding materials on the surface to avoid local friction and reduce the risk of blisters, skin breakage, bleeding, infection and so on.