Summary

足底筋膜炎是指足底筋膜受异常刺激后产生的相应症状。足底筋膜是由跟骨向前脚掌延伸的带状结缔组织。这层结缔组织维持正常的足弓和根据足部所承受的重量产生相应的伸展。

Plantar fasciitis refers to the corresponding symptoms of plantar fascia after abnormal stimulation. The plantar fascia is a ribbon connective tissue extending from the calcaneus to the sole of the foot. This layer of connective tissue maintains normal arches and produces corresponding stretching according to the weight of the feet.

病因

Pathogeny

当足底筋膜承受过多的压力或过度的张力时就会产生受刺激反应。足底筋膜与跟骨的连接部位极有可能产生细微的撕裂。

When the plantar fascia is subjected to excessive pressure or excessive tension, it produces irritation. The connection between the plantar fascia and the calcaneus is very likely to cause slight tears.

症状

Symptom

足底筋膜炎导致患者在站立、行走或奔跑时跟骨中部疼痛。当患者突然进行足底筋膜拉伸动作（如晨起后突然站立或坐着休息一段时间后突然起身）时会感到足跟剧烈疼痛。

Plantar fasciitis causes pain in the middle part of the calcaneus during standing, walking or running. Acute heel pain occurs when the patient undergoes a sudden stretching of the plantar fascia, such as standing up abruptly in the morning or rising abruptly after sitting for a period of rest.

跟骨骨刺

Calcaneus bone spur

跟骨骨刺的产生往往是由于慢性足底筋膜炎引起的。骨刺是足底筋膜与跟骨连接部位钙的沉积。部分跟骨骨刺可能并不会引起疼痛。

The occurrence of calcaneal spur is usually caused by chronic plantar fasciitis. Spur is the deposition of calcium in the joint between the plantar fascia and the calcaneus. Some calcaneal spines may not cause pain.

治疗措施

Treatment measures

具体采取何种治疗方法取决于您的医生，主要包括矫形治疗、休息、冷疗、使用抗炎药物、加强锻炼和进行外科手术等。

The specific treatment depends on your doctor, including orthopedics, rest, cold therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, intensive exercise and surgery.

矫形治疗和保养

Orthopaedic treatment and maintenance

1.跟骨垫: 通常只有3-5mm厚，是由EVA、柔软的PE或软木板等缓冲材料制成。配用时根据骨刺的位置进行薄厚、大小尺寸的相应调整。

1. calcaneal pad: usually only 3-5mm thick, made of cushioning material such as EVA, soft PE or soft board. According to the position of the spur, the thickness, size and size should be adjusted accordingly.

2.足部矫形器（垫）:大部分由Shore A55、较硬的EVA或软木板等材料制成。如果需要进行较大运动量的活动，则使用HDPP材料（可同时添加足弓支撑和掌心或趾骨垫）。必要时，需要根据取型的足模或3D数据雕刻脚模进行定制。

2. foot orthosis (PAD): most of them are made of Shore A55, hard EVA or soft wood. HDPP materials (arch support and palm or phalangeal pads can be added at the same time) are used if more exercise is required. If necessary, it is necessary to customize the foot mould according to the foot shape or the 3D data.

3.内加深的鞋靴:具有更强更长的帮跟，能够更好的维持跟骨和踝关节的稳定。前掌内里无接缝，避免可不必要的摩擦。较宽的趾宽和硬质大底使鞋内有更多的空间配放矫形器。同时可适用于糖尿病足、锤状趾、爪状趾和叠趾等人群。

3. Internally deepened boots: with stronger and longer heels, can better maintain the stability of the calcaneus and ankle. There is no joint in the front palm to avoid unnecessary friction. Wider toe width and hard sole provide more space for placing the orthosis in the shoes. At the same time, it can be applied to people with diabetic foot, hammer toe, claw toe and overlapping toe.