Summary:

糖尿病足是因神经系统受损而导致的足部感觉降低甚至消失的一种足部疾病。足部感觉的丧失常导致糖尿病足患者忽略了足部的创伤，增加了足部损伤和受感染。乃至溃烂，坏死截肢的可能性。

Diabetic foot is a kind of foot disease caused by nervous system damage and feet sensation is reduced or even disappeared. Loss of foot sensation often results in diabetic foot patients neglecting foot trauma, increasing foot injury and infection. And even the possibility of ulceration, necrosis and amputation.

病因：

Pathogeny:

糖尿病足是由糖尿病引起的，胰岛素的缺乏导致神经系统、免疫系统以及血管组织都可能受到损伤。损伤的结果可使四肢的感觉丧失，尤其是足部。

Diabetic foot is caused by diabetes. Insulin deficiency can damage the nervous system, immune system and vascular tissue. The injury results in loss of sensation in the extremities, especially in the feet.

症状：

Symptom:

糖尿病足常见的症状是足部或腿部突然或持续出现的麻木感。其他的症状还包括肿胀，行走时出现疼痛以及足部或腿部的毛发减少，皮肤硬且有光泽。严重时足部可能会出现破溃症状进而继发感染。糖尿病足患者如果足部出现割伤、水疱或破溃等损伤时，极有可能会导致长时间溃疡和感染，严重时甚至局部坏死而需要截肢。血管组织的损伤导致足部没有充足的血运和氧气，如果足部有溃疡或其他感染，很难得到治愈。

The common symptom of diabetic foot is sudden or persistent numbness in the foot or leg. Other symptoms include swelling, pain when walking, reduced hair on the feet or legs, and hard, shiny skin. In severe cases, the foot may develop symptoms of ulceration and secondary infection. Diabetic foot patients who suffer from foot injuries such as cuts, blisters or ulcers are likely to lead to long-term ulcers and infections, and even local necrosis may lead to amputation. Injuries to blood vessels cause insufficient blood supply and oxygen to the feet, which are difficult to cure if they have ulcers or other infections.

治疗：

Treatment:

糖尿病足的治疗常常需要依赖于保持合理的膳食，规律的药物治疗，适度的体育锻炼和医师的关怀。糖尿病足的预防保健如下：

The treatment of diabetic foot often depends on maintaining a reasonable diet, regular medication, moderate physical exercise and physician care. Preventive care for diabetic foot is as follows:

1. 定期有规律进行足部检查；

1. regular regular foot examinations;

2. 移除室内或鞋内的障碍物或危险因素；

2. remove barriers or risk factors in indoor or footwear.

3. 戒烟可以帮助预防足部损伤；

3. smoking cessation can help prevent foot injury.

4. 穿特别设计的糖尿病鞋/靴，其有以下特征：

4. wearing specially designed diabetic Shoes / boots has the following characteristics:

a) 鞋内加深，适合放置糖尿病鞋垫。该鞋垫能够调节足底的压力点，平衡足部受力，避免足部局部受力过多形成老茧或鸡眼或使已经形成的老茧和鸡眼免于受压，减低出现夏科式足（Charcot）的困扰。局部支撑减负等可避免过多的剪切力。

A) deep inside shoes, suitable for placement of diabetic insoles. The insole can adjust the pressure point of the sole, balance the force on the foot, avoid excessive local force on the foot to form calluses or chicken eyes, or make the already formed calluses and chicken eyes free from pressure, reduce the occurrence of Charcot foot trouble. Partial support and load reduction can avoid excessive shearing force.

b) 最少要有三个不同宽度以适配不同足宽，使足部在鞋内能够自然的展开，消除挤压感和减少摩擦。

B) At least three different widths to fit different foot widths so that the foot can unfold naturally in the shoe, eliminating extrusion and reducing friction.

c) 鞋面前掌内里必须无接缝处理，减少局部摩擦，避免局部形成水疱或破溃。

C) Shoe front inside the palm must be seamless treatment to reduce local friction, avoid local blisters or burst.

d) 采用硬质平底或低跟外鞋底，平衡压力，避免障碍物或粗糙的路面使足底受力不均或局部过多的受压。

D) Use hard flat soles or low-heeled outsole soles to balance pressure and avoid uneven or excessive local pressure on the sole due to obstacles or rough pavement.

e) 糖尿病足部矫形器(垫)由多层密/硬度不同的材料制成，表面一层为密闭分子结构的热塑性材料，这种材料使用后能够根据足底的轮廓再次塑形，给予足底更加均匀的支撑，密闭的分子结构同时形成了一个细菌无法正常生长的表面。

E) Diabetic foot orthosis (pad) is made of multi-layer materials with different densities/hardnesses. The surface of the pad is a thermoplastic material with an airtight molecular structure. This material can be reshaped according to the outline of the foot, giving more uniform support to the foot, and the airtight molecular structure forms a bacteria that can not normally grow. Surface.

5. 糖尿病袜是由柔软的微纤维或银纤维制成，无缝的结构避免了过多的摩擦，非棉质材料使其更加容易变干燥。

5. Diabetic socks are made of soft microfibers or silver fibers. The seamless structure avoids excessive friction. Non-cotton materials make them drier.

6. 针对严重畸形的糖尿病足应根据其足部的实际模型进行定制鞋垫或鞋/靴。鞋外底也应做相应的改造，例如温和、中度或重度拱形底，对角线拱形底，萨式（SACH）后跟，楔形后跟或增高垫等，促进足部受力平衡以及步态的正常化。

6. for severe deformities of diabetic foot, customized insoles or shoes / boots should be customized according to the actual model of their feet. The soles should also be modified accordingly, such as mild, moderate or heavy arched soles, diagonal arched soles, SACH heels, wedge heels or heightening pads, etc., to promote foot force balance and gait normalization.