Summary

大拇趾囊肿，也称为拇趾外翻，形成于大拇趾骨骼发生偏离的跖趾关节处。导致足趾侧面形成一个大的隆起，大拇趾向第二拇趾倾斜。在严重案例中，大拇趾可能会交叠于第二拇趾下方。拇趾囊肿较常见于女性。

The big toe cyst, also known as hallux valgus, is formed at the metatarsophalangeal joint which deviates from the big toe bone. A large bulge is formed on the side of the toes, and the big toe inclines to the second toe. In serious cases, the big toe may overlap below the second toe. Thumb cysts are more common in females.

小拇趾囊肿与大拇趾囊肿一样，在第五跖趾关节处形成囊肿。在关节外侧形成突起，导致第五拇趾向第四拇趾偏倚。形成这种足病主要是由于穿高跟鞋，或鞋头太窄导致跖骨承受了过大的压力而形成,也有先天遗传的案例可循。

Like a big toe cyst, the small toe cyst forms a cyst at the fifth metatarsophalangeal joint. A protuberance formed on the outer side of the joint leading to the bias of the fifth toe to the fourth toe. This foot disease is mainly due to wearing high heels, or the toes too narrow lead to metatarsal bone under too much pressure and form, there are also cases of congenital inheritance.

病因

Pathogeny

某些遗传的足病类型，比如足部外八（足跟内翻），增加了大拇趾囊肿的可能性；足部外八（跟骨外翻），则增加了小拇趾囊肿的可能性。根本原因在于第一或第五跖

Certain inherited types of foot disease, such as hallux valgus, increase the likelihood of big toe cysts; hallux valgus, for example, increases the likelihood of small toe cysts. The root cause is the first or fifth plantar.

骨处承受过大压力，使得局部韧带和跟腱过度拉伸。如果穿用挤压足趾的鞋靴（如高跟鞋和鞋头较尖的鞋子）会使情况恶化。

The bone is subjected to excessive pressure, resulting in excessive stretching of the local ligament and Achilles tendon. If you wear shoes with extruded toes (such as high-heeled shoes and pointed shoes), the situation will deteriorate.

症状

Symptom

根据严重程度不同，大小拇趾囊肿可能会产生疼痛。当受到所穿鞋的摩擦时，局部会变得红肿。若不及时治疗，会随着时间恶化。对于糖尿病足，则很有可能会形成关节炎，皮肤破损，溃疡感染，乃至断面截肢。

Depending on the severity, the big toe cyst may cause pain. When rubbed by the shoes, the part will become red and swollen. If not treated in time, it will deteriorate with time. For diabetic foot, there is a high risk of arthritis, skin damage, ulcer infection, and even cross-sectional amputation.

治疗

Treatment

减少拇囊肿疼痛的非手术治疗方法包括更换所穿鞋（穿着宽头鞋和低跟或平底鞋），使用拇囊肿缓冲垫或定制足部矫形器矫正异常足部负重位置，平衡压力，避免日常活动引起囊肿疼痛。外科矫正拇囊肿畸形的手术称作囊肿切除术。该手术只用于较严重拇囊肿，术后若无积极的预防和护理，极有可能导致手术失败。

Non-surgical treatments to reduce thumb cyst pain include changing shoes (wearing wide-toed shoes and low-heeled or flat-soled shoes), using a thumb cyst cushion or custom-made foot orthosis to correct abnormal foot weight-bearing positions, balance pressure, and avoid cyst pain caused by daily activities. Surgical correction of thumb cyst is called cystectomy. The operation is only used for severe thumb cyst. If there is no active prevention and nursing after the operation, it may lead to failure of the operation.

相关矫形产品：

Related orthopaedic products:

1.跖骨垫：通常只有3-5mm厚，是由EVA、柔软的PE或软木板等缓冲材料制成。通过将跖骨垫调整或打磨成需要的厚度和大小，使其在不影响正常活动的情况下缓解局部压力。

1. metatarsal pads: usually only 3-5mm thick, made of cushioning material such as EVA, soft PE or soft board. By adjusting or polishing the metatarsal pad to the desired thickness and size, local pressure can be relieved without affecting normal activity.

2.足部矫形器（垫）：大部分由Shore A55、较硬的EVA或软木板等材料制成。对于需要进行较大运动量的活动，则使用HDPP材料定制功能型鞋垫（可同时使用跖骨垫）。

2. foot orthosis (PAD): most of them are made of Shore A55, hard EVA or soft wood. HDPP is used to customize functional insoles (metatarsal pads can be used at the same time) for activities requiring more exercise.

3. 拇趾囊肿专用鞋靴：具有更强更长的帮跟，能够更好的维持跟骨和踝关节的稳定。特定设计的鞋前掌面为有弹性的莱卡(Lycra)材料，配合较宽的趾宽和硬质外底，使足趾部分能得到更多更稳定的空间。前掌弹性材料具有较强的伸展性即弹性空间，使其能够适用于锤状趾、爪状趾以及重叠趾等人群。该矫形鞋前掌内里无任何接缝，亦适合于糖尿病足人群使用。

3. Big toe cyst shoes: with a stronger and longer heel, can better maintain the stability of the calcaneus and ankle joint. Specifically designed front soles are made of elastic Lycra (Lycra) material with wider toe width and hard outsole, allowing more and more stable space for the toe part. Anterior metacarpal elastic material has a strong flexibility, that is, elastic space, so that it can be applied to hammer toes, claw toes and overlapping toes and other people. The orthopaedic shoe has no seams in the front palm and is suitable for people with diabetic foot.