Summary

类风湿性关节炎是一种免疫性疾病，这种疾病会直接影响人体关节，特别是足踝部位，致使行走困难和疼痛。

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune disease that directly affects human joints, especially ankles, resulting in walking difficulties and pain.

病因

Pathogeny

类风湿性关节炎的病因目前并没有完全定论。该疾病既受遗传因素的影响，同时也受到环境因素的影响。长时间生活在湿冷的环境中，得类风湿关节炎的概率明显增大。

The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is not entirely conclusive. The disease is affected not only by genetic factors but also by environmental factors. For a long time, the probability of rheumatoid arthritis increased significantly in a cold and wet environment.

症状

Symptom

足踝部类风湿性关节炎的常见症状包括疼痛、肿胀和足踝关节的僵硬，甚至导致整个关节的融合，完全失去背曲和跖曲的能力以及行走疼痛和困难。随着疾病的发展，其他疾病可能伴随发生，例如鸡眼、拇趾囊肿、锤状趾、爪状脚趾、扁平足或夏科足等。一些患者时常感觉患处剧烈疼痛，患处受压时这种疼痛甚至让人难以忍受。

Common symptoms of ankle-foot rheumatoid arthritis include pain, swelling, ankle stiffness, and even joint fusion, complete loss of back and plantar flexion, and walking pain and difficulty. With the development of the disease, other diseases may occur, such as chicken eyes, hallux cysts, hammer toes, claw toes, flat feet or summer foot. Some patients often feel severe pain in the affected area, and the pain is even unbearable when the affected area is compressed.

治疗方法

therapeutic method

治疗方法包括抗炎药、疾病缓解药和一系列生物制导药物。对于足踝部位类风湿关节炎的治疗措施有多种不同手段，其中包括功能锻炼，日常活动的改变，使用特制鞋或矫形鞋垫、夹板、支架、牵引器和拐杖。在一些严重的病例中，甚至需要行外科手术。

Treatments include anti-inflammatory drugs, disease remission drugs and a series of biological guided drugs. There are many different treatments for ankle and foot rheumatoid arthritis, including functional exercise, changes in daily activities, the use of special shoes or orthotic insoles, splints, brackets, tractors and crutches. In some serious cases, surgery is even necessary.

矫形方案

Orthopedics

除了临床治疗以外，足踝部的日常护理也是非常重要的。

Besides clinical treatment, the daily care of the ankle and foot is also very important.

1. 穿特加深的鞋靴（2-3倍加深），为矫形鞋垫提供足够空间的同时避免足部各关节受到挤压。

1. Wear specially deepened boots (2-3 times deeper) to provide adequate space for orthotic insoles while avoiding crushing the joints of the foot.

2. 弹性鞋口的矫形鞋必须使用柔软的材料，减少对已形成关节炎的踝关节的挤压和刺激。如果患者有锤状趾、爪状趾、叠趾、骨突等特殊情况，则鞋帮和前掌面要使用有弹性的莱卡弹力布面，避免局部受压。

2. Elastic shoe mouth orthopedic shoes must use soft materials to reduce the ankle arthritis has formed the squeeze and stimulation. If the patient has hammer toe, claw toe, folded toe, bone process and other special circumstances, then the upper and front palm to use elastic Lycra stretch fabric to avoid local compression.

3. 对于夏科足人群，穿的矫形鞋的内深度需要更深。部分患者的鞋靴需要根据患者足部模型进行定制。

3. for the Charcot population, the inner depth of the orthopaedic shoes needs to be deeper. Some patients' boots need to be customized according to their foot models.

4. 矫形鞋垫需要使用多种密度不同的材料层，以更好的根据足底情况再次塑形，缓解局部的剪切力，维持足部平衡。

4. Orthopedic insoles need to use a variety of different densities of the material layer, in order to better re-shape according to the plantar situation, alleviate local shear force, maintain foot balance.

相关矫形产品

Related orthopaedic products

1. 足部矫形器（垫）：大部分由硬质材料制成，例如Shore A45-A55、较硬的 EVA 或软木板等材料。表

Foot orthotics (pads): Most are made of hard materials, such as Shore A45-A55, rigid EVA or cork. surface

面应该附一层3mm厚的热塑性材料，使用后根据足部情况再次塑形以更好的调节足部负重。必要时需要根据足部模型进行定制。矫形鞋垫的最小厚度应该在6mm-10mm之间，且须由多层密度不同的材料制成，达到缓冲和支撑作用。

Surface should be attached with a 3 mm thick thermoplastic material, after use according to the foot shape again to better adjust the foot load. It is necessary to customize according to the foot model. The minimum thickness of the orthotic insole should be between 6mm and 10mm, and it should be made of multi-layer materials with different densities for cushioning and supporting purposes.

2.矫形鞋/靴：这类矫形鞋/靴具有更强更长的鞋帮，能够长时间维持跟骨和踝关节的稳定，同时还具备：前掌内里无任何接缝、双倍或三倍内加深、多种鞋底宽度、平跟硬质大底和根据足部模型定制等特点。这类矫形鞋靴最少需要双倍内加深（最好是三倍内加深），能够给矫形器的配放提供更多的空间。如果患者局部非常的敏感，则需要考虑改成弹性的鞋帮、前脚幅面或鞋口。

2. Orthopaedic shoes/boots: These shoes/boots have stronger and longer upper, can maintain the stability of the calcaneus and ankle for a long time, but also with: no joints in the forepaw, double or triple deepening, a variety of sole width, flat heel hard sole and customized according to the foot model characteristics. These orthotic boots require at least double internal deepening (preferably triple internal deepening) to provide more space for the placement of orthotics. If the patient is very sensitive, it should be considered as elastic upper, forefoot, or shoe.