(内旋和外旋正好相反), 足部内旋是指足踝向内弯转，导致行走时足底外侧负重增加。

(Contrary to inside and outside rotation), foot rotation refers to an inward bend of the ankle, resulting in an increase in the lateral plantar load during walking.

主要症状: 你可以通过从身后观察腿部和足部对线来判定是否存在内旋。正常足部的跟腱沿着腿部直到后跟不产生偏离。若是内旋的足部，跟腱连接到腿部经过后跟时会发生向内弯曲。这就使得外踝骨骼比内踝骨骼更突出。

Main symptoms: you can judge whether there is internal rotation by observing the leg and foot line from behind. The Achilles tendon in normal foot does not deviate from the leg to the heel. If the foot is internally rotated, the Achilles tendon will bend inward when it is connected to the leg through the heel. This makes the external malleolus more prominent than the medial malleolus.

因为内旋是足部正常结构的扭转，导致所有连接腿部及足踝到足部的肌肉和肌腱都会弯曲。若不给予治疗，内旋可能会引起足跟骨刺、足底筋膜炎、拇外翻、拇僵直、足掌痛（跖痛症）、外胫夹或疼痛性高弓足等，最终导致膝、髋关节和下背部的疼痛。

Because internal rotation is the torsion of the normal structure of the foot, it causes all the muscles and tendons that connect the leg and ankle to the foot to bend. If not treated, internal rotation may cause heel spurs, plantar fasciitis, hallux valgus, hallux stiffness, foot pain (metatarsal pain), external tibial clips or painful high arch feet, and eventually lead to knee, hip and lower back pain.

起因

cause

内旋最常见的起因是遗传因素（形成先天性的足部生物力学缺陷）。第二种最常见的起因是胎儿在母体子宫内时双脚所处的位置受到异常的挤压，形成先天性缺陷. 在幼儿、儿童中也有因为种种原因爬坡睡姿势,前足长时间内扣而后天形成的案例.

The most common cause of internal rotation is genetic factors (forming congenital foot biomechanical defects). The second most common cause is the abnormal squeezing of the fetus's feet in the womb, resulting in congenital defects.

内旋使得连接足部骨骼的足内侧肌肉、韧带和其它软组织变得更紧。当内侧位置的韧带肌健太紧时，导致踝关节紧张，不能准确移动，足踝处逐渐向外弯曲，引起外踝骨骼更突出。足部骨骼和踝关节本身向这个方向偏移是因为足部内侧附着于骨骼上的肌腱变得比外侧骨骼紧。随着身体逐渐长大，肌肉和韧带就形成了这种异常排列，直到骨骼定型。足部内旋一般表现为踝关节的僵硬、高弓足以及足部内侧边缘抬升，所以当足部落地时无法均衡整个足部受力，只受力到大部分足部外侧。

Internal rotation makes the medial muscles, ligaments and other soft tissues that connect the foot bones tighter. When the medial position of the ligament muscle too tight, resulting in ankle tension, can not move accurately, the ankle gradually bend outward, causing more prominent lateral malleolus bone. The foot bones and ankle joints themselves move in this direction because the tendons attached to the bones inside the foot become tighter than the lateral bones. As the body grows up, muscles and ligaments form abnormal alignment until skeletal stereotypes. Internal rotation of the foot is generally characterized by ankle stiffness, high arch enough to lift the medial edge of the foot, so when the foot tribal area can not balance the force on the whole foot, only to the most of the lateral foot.

症状

Symptom

由于足部软组织紧张，足部骨骼开始异常移位。这种情况下，附着于这些骨骼上的肌肉也会发生移动或扭转，以便与骨骼相接。附着于我们足部骨骼的最强壮和最重要的肌肉来自于我们的小腿。所以，当这些肌肉朝向腿部并穿过踝关节时，它们必须弯曲以保持它们正确地附着。这些肌肉的紧绷弯曲会引起：外胫夹、肌腱炎、疲劳、肌肉酸痛、局部疼痛、抽搐、肌肉功能丧失（降低走路和奔跑的速度和耐力）。

Because of soft tissue tension in the feet, the bones of the feet began to shift. In this case, the muscles attached to these bones also move or twist to connect with the bones. The strongest and most important muscle attached to the bones of our feet comes from our calves. So when these muscles move toward the legs and through the ankles, they must bend to keep them attached properly. Tension and bending of these muscles can cause: external tibial clips, tendonitis, fatigue, muscle pain, local pain, convulsions, loss of muscle function (reducing walking and running speed and endurance).

足前部内旋引起的的足部问题包括：足掌疼痛（跖痛症）、疼痛性足茧、拇囊炎、锤状趾、足跟骨刺、足底筋膜炎或疼痛性高弓足等。

The foot problems caused by anterior instrumentation include foot pain (metatarsal pain), painful cocoons, bursitis of the thumb, mallet toes, calcaneal spurs, plantar fasciitis, or painful high arch feet.

治疗

Treatment

1) 儿童: 若在5岁之前诊断发现有足内旋/高弓足，一般是可以通过重新调整骨与关节的对线的方式进行矫正治疗，使得腿部肌肉不再弯曲。早期有效的治疗，将不会导致足部踝关节的内翻，孩子的步态也会改善。

1) Children: If the diagnosis of a foot with an inward rotation/high arch is made before the age of 5, it is generally possible to correct the foot by readjusting the alignment of the bone and joint so that the leg muscles are no longer bent. Early effective treatment will not lead to varus of the ankle, and the gait of the child will also be improved.

对儿童足部内旋的治疗包括：夜间支架、定制矫形器, 直排鞋楦或反向楦型的矫形鞋/靴, 和功能锻炼。这些治疗通常是在骨骼定型之前一直持续使用，成年后可能需要穿

Treatment of pediatric foot rotation includes nighttime braces, customized orthotics, orthotic shoes/boots with straight or reverse last, and functional exercises. These treatments are usually used before bone formation, and may need to be worn after adulthood.

戴定制矫形鞋垫和直排楦鞋来预防内旋复发（若不采取预防性措施，足部以及身体其它部位，都可能回到原始位置）。备注：有时候儿科医生可能会期望孩子的足部问题会随着年龄增长而消失。直到他们意识到孩子的脚不会有所改善，再去补救已经太晚了。在这些情况下，可使用定制矫形鞋和鞋垫付预防和阻止此情况进 一步恶化。

Wear custom-made orthopedic insoles and straight last shoes to prevent recurrence of internal rotation (if no preventive measures are taken, the feet and other parts of the body may return to their original position). Remarks: sometimes pediatricians may expect children's foot problems to disappear with age. It was too late to redress them until they realized that their feet would not improve. In these cases, custom orthopaedic shoes and insoles can be used to prevent and prevent this situation from deteriorating further.

2) Adults: Most ankle and foot specialists believe that the most effective non-surgical treatment of internal rotation of the foot is to customize orthotic insoles and orthotic shoes/boots.

矫形方案:

Orthopaedic scheme:

足部内旋迫使足部外侧承受了大部分身体负重，定制矫形鞋垫能重新调整足部负重，使得足部在每次踏步时平衡地承受负重，同时使足底正常与地面接触，避免足部踝关节弯曲。定制矫形鞋垫的此功能有助于预防：外胫夹、肌腱炎、足部疲劳、肌肉酸痛、局部疼痛，抽搐或肌肉功能丧失（走路和奔跑的速度和耐力降低）。

Internal rotation forces the outside of the foot to bear most of the body's weight. Custom-made orthopedic insoles can readjust the foot's weight so that the foot can bear the load in balance at each step. At the same time, the sole of the foot is in normal contact with the ground to avoid ankle bending. Customized orthopaedic insoles help prevent tibial clips, tendonitis, foot fatigue, muscle pain, local pain, convulsions or loss of muscle function (decreased walking and running speed and endurance).

定制足部矫形鞋垫不仅能支持整个足弓，还支持组成足弓的每个单独的骨骼和关节。经济型成品鞋垫的支持(非定制)还不尽完美，因为这类支具不会给足弓的每个结构提供正确有效的支持。每个患者足部内旋的程度不同，足弓高度也不尽相同。唯一提供合适支持的方法就是定制矫形鞋垫，它有助于预防：足掌痛（跖痛症）、疼痛性足茧、拇外翻、锤状趾、足跟骨刺、足底筋膜炎和疼痛性高弓足。

Customized orthotic foot insoles not only support the entire arch, but also support each individual bone and joint that makes up the arch. The cost-effective finished insole support (non-customized) is not perfect because it does not provide the correct and effective support for each structure of the arch. The degree of internal rotation of each foot is different, and the height of the arch is different. The only way to provide proper support is to customize orthotic insoles that help prevent foot pain (plantar pain), painful cocoons, hallux valgus, mallet toes, heel spurs, plantar fasciitis, and painful high arch feet.

我们每走一步，对每只脚产生了至少一倍体重的压力。（随着我们行走加快或奔跑，足部所承受的身体负重甚至可能大于两倍体重）。由于足部的负重增加，身体会有显著的震动感。定制矫形鞋垫能够吸收和缓冲部分震动，有助于保护双足、踝、膝、髋关节和脊椎。

Every step we take, we have at least doubled the weight of each foot. (As we walk faster or run, the weight on our feet may even be more than twice as heavy.) As the weight of the foot increases, the body will feel a significant sense of vibration. Customized orthotic insoles absorb and cushion some of the vibration and help protect the feet, ankles, knees, hips and spines.

相关矫形产品:

Related orthopaedic products:

1.足部矫形器(垫): 主要分为两种类型:一是功能型足部矫形器: 使用HDPP或HDPE材料根据足部模型进行定制。二是可调整(维持)型: 使用EVA硬质材料，例如Shore A55、较硬的EVA或软木板材料，表面覆盖3mm EVA或PE材料层起到吸湿排汗作用，同时增加后跟杯高度或添加楔形垫以调节后跟和踝关节的平衡，缓解足病症状，促进步态正常化。

Foot orthosis (pad): There are two types of foot orthosis: one is functional foot orthosis: using HDPP or HDPE material customized according to the foot model. The second is adjustable (maintenance) type: using EVA hard materials, such as Shore A55, hard EVA or cork board materials, covering the surface of 3 mm EVA or PE material layer to play a role in moisture absorption and perspiration, while increasing the heel cup height or adding wedge cushion to adjust the heel and ankle balance, alleviate foot symptoms, promote gait normalization.