Summary

跟腱是身体里最大的肌腱。它包含两块主要的小腿部肌肉：腓肠肌和比目鱼肌。常见的跟腱损伤包括腱炎（炎症），肌腱撕伤（恶化）和组织断裂。

Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body. It contains two main leg muscles: gastrocnemius and soleus. Common Achilles tendon injuries include tendinitis (inflammation), tendon avulsion (deterioration) and tissue rupture.

1. 跟腱炎

1. heel tendinitis

跟腱炎经常是由于体育运动中肌腱过度牵拉引起。跟腱发炎时，周围的腱鞘会变得肿胀。主要症状包括局部灼痛感和运动中或运动后的触痛。这种情形若不及时治疗或休息可能会演变成慢性病变。

Achilles tendinitis is often caused by excessive traction of tendons in sports. When the Achilles tendon is inflamed, the tendon sheath around it becomes swollen. The main symptoms include local burning sensation and tenderness during exercise or after exercise. If this condition is not treated or rested in time, it may develop into chronic disease.

2. 跟腱撕伤

2. avulsion of Achilles tendon

跟腱撕伤也是由局部过度疲劳引起，但与腱炎不同，它是由于跟腱局部长时间连续受压使跟腱胶原组织产生轻微撕裂和破裂。这种情形通常伴随着疼痛，或跟腱强度和灵活度的降低。

Achilles tendon laceration is also caused by local fatigue, but unlike tendinitis, it is due to the local long-term continuous compression of the Achilles tendon collagen tissue produces a slight tear and rupture. This is usually accompanied by pain, or decreased strength and flexibility of Achilles tendon.

3. 跟腱撕裂（断裂）

3. Achilles tendon tear (fracture)

在外伤或过度劳累的情况下，跟腱局部组织可能会发生撕裂甚至断裂。比如对下肢或足踝的直接冲击。最常见的跟腱撕裂是由于小腿肌肉长时间的紧张。症状包括剧烈疼痛和肿胀，以及无法正常站立或踮起脚趾。

In the case of trauma or excessive exertion, local tissue of the Achilles tendon may be tearing or even ruptured. Such as direct impact on the lower limbs or ankle. The most common laceration of Achilles tendon is due to the prolonged strain of calf muscles. Symptoms include severe pain and swelling, and unable to stand upright or stand on tiptoe.

治疗

Treatment

对于腱炎和腱撕伤，治疗方法包括休息，冰敷，非处方的缓解疼痛法和物理治疗。后跟加高，消除后跟和减少跟腱处压力，例如配穿后跟提升垫、矫形鞋/跟垫或是穿带有舟骨带的鞋靴等，是最常见且最有效的方法。有些情况需要穿着固定步行靴或打石膏。当组织已经断裂时，则必须进行手术和石膏固定。穿有舟骨带的鞋靴并配合后跟提升垫和矫形鞋垫是为了能够更好的拉伸跟腱，避免跨步或踮脚步态，促使步态恢复正常。

For tendinitis and tendon tears, treatments include rest, ice, over-the-counter pain relief and physical therapy. Heightening the heel, eliminating heel pressure and reducing Achilles tendon pressure, such as wearing heel lifting pads, orthotics / heel pads or boots with scaphoid laces, are the most common and effective methods. In some cases, it is necessary to wear fixed walking boots or plaster. When the tissue is broken, surgery and plaster immobilization must be performed. Shoes with scaphoid laces and heel lifting pads and orthotic insoles are designed to better stretch the Achilles tendon, avoid striding or tiptoeing, and restore normal gait.

相关治疗和护理产品:

Related treatment and care products:

1. 后跟提升垫: 这种矫形器由硬质地材料制成: 例如 EVA 楔形垫, 橡胶楔形垫, 或者软木楔形垫, 这些楔形垫由许多3mm厚的片层进行双面胶合，以便进行实际需要厚度的调整，更加有效的解除或缓解足跟压力。

1. heel lifting pad: The orthosis is made of hard materials such as EVA wedge pad, rubber wedge pad, or cork wedge pad. These wedge pads are double-sided glued by many 3mm thick layers in order to adjust the actual thickness needed to relieve or relieve heel pressure more effectively.

2. 足底矫形器 (矫鞋垫): 该矫形器大部分是由硬质地材料制成: 例如Shore A55、EVA或者软木片，这种矫形鞋垫上可粘附上可调整型EVA后跟提升垫，通过剥离或增加3mm的厚层来达到所需的高度，缓解后跟压力。

2. Foot Orthopedes (Orthopedes): The orthosis is mostly made of hard materials: such as Shore A55, EVA or cork, this orthosis insole can be adhered to adjustable EVA heel lifting pad, by peeling or increasing the thickness of 3mm to achieve the desired height, relieve heel pressure.

3. 带舟骨带的鞋 (靴): 这种矫形鞋/靴具有加长且强度大的鞋帮，能够给予跟踝部更稳定的支持。每当后跟提升垫剥去一个3mm层，舟骨带就收紧一个距离6mm的鞋眼孔。这样能够充分的拉伸跟腱，以促进步态的正常化。

3. Shoes (boots) with scaphoid laces: These orthopedic shoes/boots have a lengthened and strong upper that gives more stable support to the heels and ankles. Every time a 3mm layer is removed from the lifting pad, the scaphoid belt tightens a shoe eye with a distance of 6mm. This can fully stretch the Achilles tendon to promote the normalization of gait.